Retinols, retinoids, Retin-A—what is the deal? If you’re confused by these similar-sounding terms, we understand.
Dermatologist Dr. Dennis Gross tells us that retinoids are the category name of these vitamin A derivatives, but that retinol and retinoids vary in their chemical structure. Practically speaking, retinol (and their derivatives) can be included in over-the-counter creams and serums, whereas a retinoid can only be prescribed by your doctor.
They Do Amazing Things for Your Skin
Overall, this category is packed with anti-aging benefits. “They stimulate the production of new skin cells,” says Dr Gross. “They also help to fade dark spots resulting from photo-aging, hyperpigmentation, hormonal changes, and blemish scars. Prescription-strength retinoids renew the skin and treat acne, reduces appearance of fine lines, and helps with skin discoloration.”
If You’re a Newbie, Start with Retinols
We won’t lie: Prescription-strength retinoids can be tough on your skin. If you’re prone to dryness, you may want to start out with an over-the-counter retinoid, which will give give you anti-aging and skin-improving results in a much more gentle way.
“Retinol is much more gentle than prescription retinoids, and I find often people can tolerate using retinol daily, but often need to stop prescription retinoids to allow the skin to calm down,” says Dr. Gross. “Retinol is a potent anti-aging ingredient and because its tolerated so well—unlike retinoid prescription strength—so using it everyday makes for great results.”
However, if you’re not happy after using it for about three months, he says you should check in with your dermatologist to see what more you could be doing.
What Are the Side Effects?
There are some skin concerns associated with the ingredient you should be aware of.
“Based on the chemistry of the ingredients, which cause a drying effect of the oil glands, even over-the-counter retinols can lead to redness and flaking,” explains Dr. Gross. “UV sensitivity is another side-effect that is based on increased uptake of the sun’s rays. The redder the skin, the more the skin absorbs sun’s rays. Skin is already inflamed with baseline sun sensitivity, the sun’s rays can heighten this reaction.”
These effects can be more dramatic when it comes to prescription retinoids. The peeling, redness, and sensitivity usually lasts a few weeks, so make sure you baby your skin while it adjusts. Keep in mind that this won’t last forever and that the results will make it all worthwhile!
MORE: Lucy Hale Makes the Case for Why Retinol Needs to Be in Your Skin-Care Routine
Can It Do Damage to Dry Skin?
If that redness and flaking thing scares you because of preexisting dryness, Dr. Gross says that lotions and creams may be a better option than a retinol gel.
There Are Options for Oily Skin, Too
If you are struggling with oily skin and want to know how to incorporate your retinol, peels may be an option to consider. “These penetrate deeper and control oil while improving wrinkles and complexion problems,” says Dr. Gross.
It’s in All Types of Products—and Anyone Can Use It
No matter your specific preferences in skin care, you can find something with retinol that fits into your routine. If pores are your concern, StriVectin has formulated an Advanced Retinol Pore Refiner ($69 at StriVectin) that works to tighten pores while improving skin texture. Other products combine the power of retinol with other beneficial ingredients—take Dr. Dennis Gross Ferulic + Retinol Brightening Solution ($88 at Dr. Dennis Gross), a formula infused with the anti-inflammatory ingredients, antioxidants, moisturizers, and even exfoliators. Shiseido even produces eye masks infused with the ingredient (Benefiance WrinkleResist24 Pure Retinol Express Smoothing Eye Mask, $65; at Sephora), while there are plenty of night creams and cleansers on the market that include the ingredient.
So, When Should You Start Slathering It On?
This ingredient has no age requirement, which means even if you’re in your early 20s, you can give it a go.
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“Done right, retinol is a very, very powerful tool and applicable to everyone—in your 20s or 60s. There is no right or wrong age,” says Dr. Gross. “Anyone who is serious about anti-aging, whether it be preventative or restorative, should have retinol in their anti-aging routine. And over time, you’ll see some great results.
“Whatever your aging concern is, your skin will globally look better with retinol,” he continues. “Continued use will treat discoloration and leave skin looking brighter, younger, and more alive.”